Treating periodontal disease in patients with myocardial infarction: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis has been associated with coronary artery disease, but the impact of a periodontal treatment on the endothelial function of patients with a recent ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was not investigated. METHODS: Randomized controlled trial (NCT02543502). Patients admitted between August 2012 and January 2015 were included. Patients were screened during the index hospitalization for STEMI, and those with severe periodontal disease were randomized 2 weeks later to periodontal treatment or to control. The primary endpoint of this trial was the between group difference in the variation of flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) in the brachial artery assessed by ultrasound from baseline to the 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were cardiovascular events, adverse effects of periodontal treatment and inflammatory markers. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were balanced between patients in the intervention (n = 24) and control groups (n = 24). There was a significant FMD improvement in the intervention group (3.05%; p = .01), but not in the control group (-0.29%; p = .79) (p = .03 for the intergroup comparison). Periodontal treatment was not associated with any adverse events and the inflammatory profile and cardiovascular events were not significantly different between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of periodontal disease improves the endothelial function of patients with a recent myocardial infarction, without adverse clinical events. Larger trials are needed to assess the benefit of periodontal treatment on clinical outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02543502 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02543502?term=NCT02543502&rank=1).

Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio na Prática Clínica Diária / Myocardial Infarction in the Daily Practice

Fundamentos: As recomendações das diretrizes para o tratamento de pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST) são baseados principalmente em dados de estudos clínicos randomizados. Objetivos: Procuramos avaliar as tendências temporais das características, do tratamento e da evolução de pacientes com IAMCSST que representassem a prática clínica diária. Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectivo incluindo todos os pacientes com IAMCSST que procuraram nosso serviço no período de 2010 a 2013. Foram avaliados os aspectos clínicos, angiográficos, laboratoriais e de tratamento, além dos eventos cardiovasculares maiores (ECVM) em 30 dias. Resultados: O escore de risco TIMI médio e a maioria das características clínicas e angiográficas iniciais dos 1973 pacientes incluídos se mantiveram estáveis de 2010 a 2013, com exceção de diabetes mellitus (cuja frequência aumentou de 21% para 28%; p < 0,01). Foi realizada ICP primária em 95% dos casos, e o tempo porta-balão diminuiu de 1,27 para 1,11 horas (p < 0,01). Em relação ao tratamento, houve aumento significativo do uso de clopidrogrel 600mg em bolus (de 75% em 2010 para 93% em 2013; p < 0,001), no uso de anticoagulação pré-cateterização (50% versus 91%; p<0,001), e de acesso radial na ICPp (9% versus 66%; p < 0,001); houve, ainda, um menor uso de beta-bloqueadores (72% versus 63%; p < 0,001). Houve redução de ECVM de 17,4% para 9,5% (p < 0,05). Foram fatores preditivos independentes de ECVM as características iniciais, o acesso radial, o uso de beta-bloqueadores e de anticoagulação pré-cateterização. Conclusões: As características iniciais de pacientes com IAMCSST mantiveram-se estáveis durante um período de quatro anos, com exceção de diabetes mellitus, cuja frequência aumentou significativamente. Houve mudanças significativas no tratamento clínico e intervencionista e diminuição significativa nos desfechos cardiovasculares adversos em curto prazo. Os preditores de melhor evolução foram as características iniciais, uso de betabloqueadores, de anticoagulação pré-cateterização e acesso radial

Background: Guideline recommendations for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are mainly based on data from randomized clinical trials. Objectives: We sought to assess temporal trends in characteristics, treatment and outcomes of patients with STEMI representative of the daily practice. Methods: Prospective cohort study including all patients with STEMI who presented at our institution from 2010 to 2013. Clinical, angiographic, laboratory, treatment aspects and 30-day major cardiovascular events (MACEs) were assessed and compared over the years. Results: The mean TIMI risk score, and most baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics of the 1973 patients included remained stable from 2010 to 2013, except for diabetes mellitus (whose frequency increased from 21% to 28%; p < 0.01). Primary PCI was performed in 95% of cases, and the door-to-balloon time decreased from 1.27 to 1.11 hours (p < 0.01). Regarding treatment, there were significant increases in the use of 600 mg boluses of clopidogrel (75% in 2010 vs 93% in 2013; p < 0.001), upstream anticoagulant (50% vs 91%; p < 0.001) and the radial approach in pPCI (9% vs 66%; p < 0.001), and lower use of beta-blockers (72% vs 63%; p < 0.001). MACE decreased from 17.4% to 9.5% (p < 0.05). Independent predictors of MACE were baseline characteristics, the radial approach, and use of beta-blockers and upstream anticoagulant. Conclusions: The baseline characteristics of patients with STEMI remained stable over a four-year period, except for the incidence of diabetes mellitus, which increased significantly. Medical and interventional treatments significantly changed, and short-term adverse cardiovascular outcomes significantly decreased. Predictors of better outcomes were baseline characteristics, use of beta-blockers and upstream anticoagulant, and the radial approach

Impacto do uso de anticoncepcional oral nas características e na evolução clínica de mulheres submetidas à intervenção coronariana percutânea primária / Impact of oral contraceptive use on the characteristics and clinical evolution of women undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Em nosso, país estima-se que aproximadamente 27% das mulheres em idade fértil utilizemanticoncepcional oral (ACO). A apresentação e a evolução clínica do infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) nessasmulheres ainda não foi descrita em nosso meio. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o perfil clínico, ascaracterísticas angiográficas, os aspectos técnicos do procedimento e os desfechos de usuárias de ACO quetiveram IAM e foram encaminhadas à intervenção coronariana percutânea (ICP) primária. Métodos: Mulheres < 55 anos que apresentaram IAM com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST e foram encaminhadas à ICP primária foram sequencialmente incluídas e categorizadas em dois grupos: com e sem uso atual de ACO. Resultados: Incluímos 257 pacientes, sendo que 19 (7,4%) usavam ACO. Estas eram mais jovens (42,3 ± 6,2 anos vs. 48,4 ± 5,7 anos; p < 0,001), com menos fatores de risco tradicionais para doença arterial coronariana, mas apresentavam proteína C-reativa e fibrinogênio séricos mais elevados. O delta T foi semelhante (4,00 [1,25 a 6,86] horas vs. 4,50 [2,50 a 7,64] horas; p = 0,54), mas o tempo porta-balão foi maior nas pacientes em uso de ACO (1,41 [0,58 a 1,73] hora vs. 1,16 [0,91 a 1,51] hora; p = 0,02). Estas pacientes foram mais frequentemente submetidas à tromboaspiração (52,6% vs. 25,6%; p = 0,04). Após o evento índice, elas não apresentaram desfechosaterotrombóticos em até 2 anos de acompanhamento (0 vs. 15,2%; p = 0,08). Conclusões: Neste estudo, encontramos perfil clínico e desfechos diferentes entre mulheres em idadereprodutiva, usuárias ou não de ACO, e submetidas à ICP primária. Estudos com maior número de pacientes sãonecessários para confirmar tais resultados...

In Brazil, it is estimated that approximately 27% of women of childbearing age use oral contraceptives (OC). The presentation and clinical course of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in these women has yet to be described in Brazil. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical profile, angiographic characteristics, technical aspects of the procedure, and the outcomes in women using OC who had an AMI and were submitted to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: Women aged < 55 years who had acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarct and were referred to primary PCI were sequentially included and categorized into two groups: with and without current use of OC. Results: We have included 257 patients, of whom 19 (7.4%) used OC. These patients were younger (42.3 ± 6.2 years vs. 48.4 ± 5.7 years; p < 0.001), with fewer traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease, but had higher serum levels of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen. The delta T was similar (4.00 [1.25 to 6.86] hours vs.4.50 [2.50 to 7.64] hours; p = 0.54), but the door-to-balloon time was longer in patients taking OC (1.41 [0.58 to 1.73] hour vs. 1.16 [0.91 to 1.51] hour, p = 0.02). These patients were more frequently submitted to thrombus aspiration (52.6% vs. 25.6%; p = 0.04). After the index event, they had no atherothrombotic outcomes in up to 2years of follow-up (0 vs. 15.2%; p = 0.08). Conclusions: In this study, different clinical profiles and outcomes were found among women of reproductive age, users or non-users of OC, and submitted to primary PCI. Studies with a larger number of patients are required to confirm these results...

Significado clínico de características histológicas de trombos de pacientes com infarto do miocárdio / Clinical significance of histological features of thrombi in patients with myocardial infarction

FUNDAMENTO: A Intervenção Coronariana Percutânea (ICP) é a estratégia mais utilizada para o tratamento do Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio com elevação do segmento ST (IAMCST), e a tromboaspiração vem sendo crescentemente utilizada para remoção dos trombos oclusivos. OBJETIVOS: Analisar a influência de características histopatológicas de trombos coronarianos nos desfechos clínicos de pacientes com IAMCST, e associação dessas variáveis com características clínicas, angiográficas, laboratoriais e medicamentos utilizados na internação hospitalar. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte prospectivo. Todos os pacientes foram acompanhados na internação hospitalar e por até 30 dias após o evento. Os trombos aspirados foram conservados em formol e posteriormente corados por hematoxilina-eosina e incluídos em parafina. Os trombos foram classificados em recentes e antigos. O desfecho primário foi a ocorrência de eventos cardiovasculares maiores em 30 dias. RESULTADOS: No período do estudo, foram avaliados 1.149 pacientes com IAMCST, e 331 pacientes foram submetidos a aspiração de trombos, ficando disponíveis para análise 199 pacientes. Foram identificados trombos recentes em 116 pacientes (58%) e trombos antigos em 83 pacientes (42%). Os trombos recentes apresentaram maior infiltração de hemácias do que os trombos antigos (p = 0,02), mas não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as demais características clínicas, angiográficas, laboratoriais, histopatológicas e medicamentos nos dois grupos de pacientes. As taxas de desfechos clínicos foram similares nos dois grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Os trombos recentes foram identificados em 58% dos pacientes com IAMCST e observou-se associação com infiltração de hemácias. Não houve associação entre as características histopatológicas dos trombos e variáveis clínicas e desfechos cardiovasculares.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is the most common strategy for the treatment of Acute ST segment elevation Myocardia Infarction (STEMI), and thromboaspiration has been increasingly utilized for removal of occlusive thrombi. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the influence of histopathological features of coronary thrombi in clinical outcomes of patients with STEMI, and the association of these variables with clinical, angiographic, and laboratory features and medications used in hospitalization. METHODS: Prospective cohort study. All patients were monitored during hospitalization and thirty days after the event. Aspirated thrombi were preserved in formalin and subsequently stained with hematoxylin-eosin and embedded in paraffin. Thrombi were classified as recent and old. The primary outcome was the occurrence of major cardiovascular events within thirty days. RESULTS: During the study period, 1,149 patients were evaluated with STEMI, and 331 patients underwent thrombi aspiration, leaving 199 patients available for analysis. It was identified recent thrombi in 116 patients (58%) and old thrombi in 83 patients (42%). Recent thrombi have greater infiltration of red blood cells than old thrombi (p = 0.02), but there were no statistically significant differences between other clinical, angiographic, laboratory, and histopathological features and medications in both group of patients. The rates of clinical outcomes were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Recent thrombi were identified in 58% of patients with STEMI and it was observed an association with infiltration of red blood cells. There was no association between histopathological features of thrombi and clinical variables and cardiovascular outcomes.

Clinical significance of histological features of thrombi in patients with myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is the most common strategy for the treatment of Acute ST segment elevation Myocardia Infarction (STEMI), and thromboaspiration has been increasingly utilized for removal of occlusive thrombi. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the influence of histopathological features of coronary thrombi in clinical outcomes of patients with STEMI, and the association of these variables with clinical, angiographic, and laboratory features and medications used in hospitalization. METHODS: Prospective cohort study. All patients were monitored during hospitalization and thirty days after the event. Aspirated thrombi were preserved in formalin and subsequently stained with hematoxylin-eosin and embedded in paraffin. Thrombi were classified as recent and old. The primary outcome was the occurrence of major cardiovascular events within thirty days. RESULTS: During the study period, 1,149 patients were evaluated with STEMI, and 331 patients underwent thrombi aspiration, leaving 199 patients available for analysis. It was identified recent thrombi in 116 patients (58%) and old thrombi in 83 patients (42%). Recent thrombi have greater infiltration of red blood cells than old thrombi (p = 0.02), but there were no statistically significant differences between other clinical, angiographic, laboratory, and histopathological features and medications in both group of patients. The rates of clinical outcomes were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Recent thrombi were identified in 58% of patients with STEMI and it was observed an association with infiltration of red blood cells. There was no association between histopathological features of thrombi and clinical variables and cardiovascular outcomes.